What approval bottlenecks actually look like

The person doing the work already solved the real issue. Then it still moves through a review chain that adds delay without adding value.

The same file comes back with small edits. The same person fixes it again. The same deadline moves again.

Why approval delays spread

People start holding work. They guess what will get approved. They build extra time into everything because they already know where it will stall.

After a while nobody calls it waste. They call it process.